New challenges for city logistics: a unified view of energy and transport systems for addressing sustainability

Urban freight transport has been studied from the point of view of economic efficiency, however, it is also important to consider energy efficiency with respect to the goals of the 2030 Agenda. The method used in this paper is to reconstruct the cycles from production to the end user for energy and transport/logistics by identifying the intersection areas, which turn out to be the vehicles and the exchange nodes. The measurement of impacts is introduced considering the "carbon footprint" indicator. The continuous advancement of automotive technologies is highlighted that requires a continuous updating of the impact results to make optimal economic and energy choices for city logistics within the framework identified by Agenda 2030.