Planning in road evacuation: classification of exogenous activities

Transportation planning concerns ordinary and emergency conditions.
Emergency planning aims to reduce risk and relative components (occurrence;
vulnerability; exposure). In this paper we consider internal transportation
planning for a system in emergency conditions, with specific focus on the
exposure component. One of the main macro-activities to reduce exposure is
evacuation. Starting from an analysis of existing studies and best practices for
classifying activities during evacuation and considering some limits of such
classification, this paper uses a general classification of planning activities, with
their specification for evacuation planning. Each activity is analysed in relation
to strategies for transportation planning and the time reference scale (strategic,
tactical, operative). A classification of transport vehicles supporting evacuation is reported.