Data di Pubblicazione:
2013
Abstract:
Drivers for Sustainable Navigation
1. Global trade and subsequently seaborne trade, are driven by the global economy. World gross domestic
product has grown by more than 50 % in the two last decades, while seaborne trade has increased about
80 % over the same period. The economic crisis since the end of 2008 has disrupted this growth. Now
the prospects seem again somehow more favourable, but there are still great uncertainties. The shipping
industry has to adapt to economic changes. The global fleet tonnage has increased for decades. Another
key feature is the explosive growth of the containerised shipping sector in recent decades. Due to an
intense global competition, shipping activity has become more and more concentrated. The ships used
on the main commercial lines are larger and larger. The ports follow the economic trends and provide the
infrastructure and superstructures required by shipping companies. A number of new port facilities have
been or are under development. Due to history and culture, shipping and land-based maritime activities
make up two different worlds. The respective roles of all the different players in shipping activities should
be kept in mind when developing recommendations for sustainable maritime transportation.
2. The report gives a large overview of international and regional regulations regarding shipping:
• ‘Montego Bay’ Convention on the Law of the Seas
• IMO conventions regarding ships safety and security
• Specialised conventions on the protection of Marine environment (MARPOL, oil pollution, ballast
water and sediments, London Convention, …)
• Regional memoranda of Understanding on Port State Controls
And:
• Regional conventions for Marine Environment protection
3. The report discusses the different sorts of economic incentives, (market instruments, either credit or
benchmark based, port dues differentiation, subsidies provision). A number of dues differentiation and
subsidy provision schemes do exist, but no important market instrument has been found implemented
in the field of shipping.
Ships Based Sustainability Issues
1. The report gives an overview of ship lifecycle issues, from design to operations to scrapping.
2. Air quality is one of the very major shipping sustainability issues: the GHG emissions from ships are
2.7 % of the world GHG emissions. A number of technologies exist to reduce them dramatically: use of
cleaner fuels, improve hull and superstructure, improve propulsion, combustion efficiency, hull coatings
and maintenance, operational measures and slow steaming.
3. Water quality is tackled: ships are no more allowed to throw overboard their wastes and litter, but must
take them ashore to appropriate port facilities.
4. Fouling required the use of toxic paints that are quite harmful to the environment and are now forbidden
by regulations. New products and techniques are explored.
5. Invasive species can be spread over the world by ships. Measures have to be taken to combat this
phenomenon.
6. Accidents at sea have disastrous impacts on the environment. A number of measures have been
taken in the past and still have to be developed in the future.
Port Based Sustainability Issues
1. Methodologies. The classical approaches for port projects are based on assessing the impacts on
the environment and defining mitigation/compensation measures. A more proactive approach has been especially developed by PIANC: the Working with Nature philosophy. It consists of an integrated
process, based on a good understanding of the environmental processes. It takes place early in the
project lifecycle, in order to identify win-win solutions, acceptable by both the project proponents and
the environment stakeholders.
2. Hydrological, morphol
1. Global trade and subsequently seaborne trade, are driven by the global economy. World gross domestic
product has grown by more than 50 % in the two last decades, while seaborne trade has increased about
80 % over the same period. The economic crisis since the end of 2008 has disrupted this growth. Now
the prospects seem again somehow more favourable, but there are still great uncertainties. The shipping
industry has to adapt to economic changes. The global fleet tonnage has increased for decades. Another
key feature is the explosive growth of the containerised shipping sector in recent decades. Due to an
intense global competition, shipping activity has become more and more concentrated. The ships used
on the main commercial lines are larger and larger. The ports follow the economic trends and provide the
infrastructure and superstructures required by shipping companies. A number of new port facilities have
been or are under development. Due to history and culture, shipping and land-based maritime activities
make up two different worlds. The respective roles of all the different players in shipping activities should
be kept in mind when developing recommendations for sustainable maritime transportation.
2. The report gives a large overview of international and regional regulations regarding shipping:
• ‘Montego Bay’ Convention on the Law of the Seas
• IMO conventions regarding ships safety and security
• Specialised conventions on the protection of Marine environment (MARPOL, oil pollution, ballast
water and sediments, London Convention, …)
• Regional memoranda of Understanding on Port State Controls
And:
• Regional conventions for Marine Environment protection
3. The report discusses the different sorts of economic incentives, (market instruments, either credit or
benchmark based, port dues differentiation, subsidies provision). A number of dues differentiation and
subsidy provision schemes do exist, but no important market instrument has been found implemented
in the field of shipping.
Ships Based Sustainability Issues
1. The report gives an overview of ship lifecycle issues, from design to operations to scrapping.
2. Air quality is one of the very major shipping sustainability issues: the GHG emissions from ships are
2.7 % of the world GHG emissions. A number of technologies exist to reduce them dramatically: use of
cleaner fuels, improve hull and superstructure, improve propulsion, combustion efficiency, hull coatings
and maintenance, operational measures and slow steaming.
3. Water quality is tackled: ships are no more allowed to throw overboard their wastes and litter, but must
take them ashore to appropriate port facilities.
4. Fouling required the use of toxic paints that are quite harmful to the environment and are now forbidden
by regulations. New products and techniques are explored.
5. Invasive species can be spread over the world by ships. Measures have to be taken to combat this
phenomenon.
6. Accidents at sea have disastrous impacts on the environment. A number of measures have been
taken in the past and still have to be developed in the future.
Port Based Sustainability Issues
1. Methodologies. The classical approaches for port projects are based on assessing the impacts on
the environment and defining mitigation/compensation measures. A more proactive approach has been especially developed by PIANC: the Working with Nature philosophy. It consists of an integrated
process, based on a good understanding of the environmental processes. It takes place early in the
project lifecycle, in order to identify win-win solutions, acceptable by both the project proponents and
the environment stakeholders.
2. Hydrological, morphol
Tipologia CRIS:
3.1 Monografia o trattato scientifico
Elenco autori:
Brooke, J; Burgess, A; Challinor, S; Crockett, V; Galichon, P; Moore, D; Mitchell, Kn; Paul, J; Romolo, Alessandra; Scherrer, P; Schröder, K; Tripathi, Rd
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