Il sistema dei partiti nazionali alla prova del federalizing process europeo, tra “europeizzazione” e spinte centrifughe

Although the debate on the theories of secession has certainly attenuated compared to the past-in Italy as well as in Europe-the dangers of independence pushes are always lurking, often fueled by political parties. In Europe, the significant experiences of Brexit and Catalonia have not given rise to secessionist initiatives in the territory of the European Union, despite the difficulties of a Union that is not yet fully federalized. The aim of this paper is to analyze how, over the last twenty years, the center of gravity of the European political and party systems has changed, highlighting the increasingly central role of the European Union, inevitably making anti-historical the pushes to a secessionist (or strongly autonomist) vocation, as well as the pushes to a purely domestic-nationalist vocation. The path towards the “Europeanization” of political parties is irreversible and the completion of the European federalizing process is intimately bound to it.