Planning instruments in Italy and the UK: private and public spaces for emergency events in urban areas

The paper describes the main regulatory and planning instruments for urbanareas operating in Italy and the UK. The relationships between private and publicspaces followed different approaches in the two countries. Italy followed a topdownprocess by the introduction of standards at national and regional levels.UK followed a bottom-up approach, where the national level provides aframework within which local communities can produce their own local plans.The preliminary study presented in this paper makes a comparison of Italianand British standards relating to open spaces.