D50048 - TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND TERRITORY

1_DESCRIPTION

Description and use of the main topographic instruments – Planimetric and detailed survey – Network adjustments and error theory (least squares method) – Geoid and ellipsoid – Description of the official cartography

Acquisition of knowledge on:

Use of tools and methods for topographic survey and rigorous adjustments of networks.

2_COURSE PROGRAMME

Geodesy:

Geoid – Spheroid – Ellipsoid – Local Sphere – Geodetic field – Topographic field – Geodetic operations – Operational geodesy theorems – Reference systems

Cartography:

Map equations – Compliant maps – Equivalent maps – Official Italian cartography – Cadastral maps – Coordinate systems – DATUM – DATUM change and coordinate system change methodologies

Instrumentation:

Level – Total stations – Tapes – EDM – Laser Scanner – Acquisition methods of topographic observables (angles – distances – differences in level) – Instrumental precision

The GPS method

Observables – Pseudorange – Phase – Errors and modeling – Ionospheric effect – Tropospheric effect – Differential techniques (single differences – double differences – triple differences) – Phase ambiguity – Static

GPS – Kinematic GPS – Differential GPS – GPS RTK – GPS OTF – GPS data processing methods – DOP – Accuracy of the GPS method

Measurement schemes: Planimetric (Triangulations – Trilaterations – Intersections – Polygonals – Networks) – Empirical compensation of a planimetric network Altimetric (Tacheometric leveling – Trigonometric leveling – Geometric leveling – Composite leveling) – Empirical compensation of a three-dimensional altimetric network (GPS – Laser Scanner method)

Treatment of observations – Statistical treatment of measurements – Compensation of measurements Random variables – Theorems on random variables – Law of Propagation of Variance – N-dimensional random variables – Covariance – Law of Propagation of Covariance – The method of least squares (pure condition equations – additional parameters – constraints) – Linearization of the observation equations – Altimetric and three-dimensional planimetric network compensation with the least squares criterion – Accuracy of the method and significance test of the movements on network points

UAV systems (drones) Acquisition schemes and methods.

3_EXPECTED RESULTS -

-Knowledge and understanding: Participants will acquire a solid knowledge base in the fields of Topography and Cartography, of the techniques used for metric surveying and GPS positioning.

- Applying knowledge and understanding: Students will be able to apply the knowledge acquired to perform metric positioning surveys, analyze the measurements obtained with statistical methods, use mapping software.

- Making judgments: Students will develop the ability to make autonomous decisions in the management of the metric data acquired. They will be able to critically evaluate the different options available for the collection and analysis of the data collected also through statistical treatment of the measurements with consequent compensation.

- Communication skills: Students will acquire skills in effectively communicating the results deriving from measurements obtained from metric and positioning surveys. They will be able to present their conclusions in a clear and understandable way both verbally and through graphical representations.

- Learning skills: The course will provide students with the foundations for continuous learning in the field of Topography and Cartography, with particular reference to metric surveying and GPS positioning techniques.